The Resistance Of Female Leadership - 1430 Words

Advancing Scientific Knowledge Phenomena under discussion: Disparity, discrimination, gender bias, and resistance to female leadership in churches, and historical ties to modern churches. Historic phenomena such as events, gender bias, tradition, and mistranslation may influence/instigate the resistance to female leadership in mainline American Protestant churches today and will be the main thrust of this study. The findings from this study may advance scientific knowledge or add to literature by providing understanding about how traditions, gender bias, organizational culture, and other phenomenological reasons play a role in the resistance to female clergy. Furthermore, the study results will provide an educational tool that may lessen the resistance to female clergy. The theory: There are historical phenomena involved such as events, gender bias, tradition, and mistranslation that continues to cause resistance to female leadership in Protestant churches in addition to, or unrelated to biblical beliefs. Significance of the Study This study is significant because it is not known why historical phenomena continue to instigate and influence resistance to female leadership in mainline American Protestant churches. Under discussion will be: Disparity, discrimination, gender bias, organizational culture, and resistance to female leadership in churches and historical ties to modern churches. This qualitative, phenomenological study, in examining the collected data, reveals aShow MoreRelatedGender Bias : Denial Of Clergy Rights1527 Words   |  7 Pageschaplains in the military service† – (Jimmy Carter, 2009). In A. L. Cook’s 2010 study,36 The Denied Calling: A Look at the Role of Women in the Southern Baptist Church (SBC), she discusses the uneven history of the church in regard to its female members. In earlier years of the SBC, women were ordained to preach and ordained as deacons. Beginning in 1984, this act was rescinded with the caveat that women leaders ordained earlier than 1984 can retain their ordination. This has resulted inRead MoreEssay about The Continuation Of Patriarchy In Our Culture1497 Words   |  6 Pagesexists in our culture but what factors are driving this system to continue. The articles analyzed demonstrate Johnson’s theory of patriarchy by exemplifying his three facets of the patriarchal system and by recognizing the notion of the path of least resistance. Johnson argues that patriarchy is made up of more than just individuals. Systems are more complex than people (Johnson 92). Within a system there are different parts the come together to form a whole. In terms of patriarchy, these parts areRead MoreWomen’s Roles in Independence Movements Throughout the Middle East831 Words   |  4 Pagestraditional feminine spaces, as defined by colonizers and male nationals, rather than vying for roles in the traditional political sphere. Female and male revolutionaries risked the same dangers, but almost invariably women did not hold any significant leadership positions within nationalistic movements. Colonial powers often did not differentiate between male and female enemy combatants, punishing both with equal severity. In both Egypt and Algeria, independence movements employed a language of ‘women’sRead MoreThe Fight Between Male And Female Manager852 Words   |  4 Pageschance that you have a female manager, then risks a re you might find that additional inspiration to build your efficiency. In the fight between a male versus female manager, you may expect that a male supervisor may be superior at running the show, since guys are frequently seen as natural born leaders. Individuals who act in ways that are incongruent with their sex role tend to be evaluated negatively (Eagly and Karau, 2002). This incongruity can create problems for female managers because characteristicsRead MoreThe Breakdown Of The Traditional Family Division Of Labour, Instant Communication1574 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology, and the increased complexity of organisational objectives have favour gender equality and diversity. Those changes have pressure companies to improve their work structure to be more competitive and to the extent that the idea of an effective leadership has come under pressure to change too. Indeed, organisations have become less hierarchical and more decentralised networks where the traditional source of power erode, and talents instead of nepotism are rewarded (Klein, 2000). Moreover, the ideaRead MoreTransformational And Team Concepts Of A Transformational Leader990 Words   |  4 PagesTransformational and Team Approaches to Leadership Organizations need leaders that can promote change, acceptance, and high performance. When a healthcare organization seeks to improve through the adoption of a Clinical Decision Support System, transformational and team leadership approaches are methods of managing change and gaining positive results. Each style provides benefits, which address the concerns and alleviate the barriers of successful implementation. Understanding the strengths ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Kirkpatrick And Locke s1156 Words   |  5 Pagesmust have a willingness, desire, and energy to identify, pursue, achieve, and improve in order to set vision and obtain goals, overcoming resistance, obstacles, or challenges (Kirkpatrick Locke, 1991). Drive is the first thing, in my opinion, that sets leaders apart from others. Without drive, one remains content to be a follower and part of the crowd. Leadership motivation: This characteristic is important, in that it defines a leader from a follower in that the leader is motivated to accept authorityRead MoreWomen s Leadership And The Barriers That Women Face Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I will be discussing what women go through in leadership, the pros and cons of women in leadership and the barriers that women face in the work place. I will also discuss the role that men play in leadership and the different leadership styles that men have compared to women. In this paper I will discuss both legal and ethical viewpoints. 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It is no longer a question of what women leaders are, but rather why there are not women leaders. Today’s society focuses on fulfilling leadership positions with males, not because females do not have the same skills and knowledge as men, but because people associate men with leaders. There are various daily obstacles that women face in the attempt towards leadership roles including prejudice beliefs, resistance due to stereotypes

Analysis Of The Movie The Alley - 1490 Words

Accalia sat in the alley, covered in blood and naked. She couldn’t remember how she got like that. The last thing she remembered was the soldier grabbing her and throwing her into the wall. She remembered feeling scared and angry, then there was an unbearable pain that shot through her, then everything went blank. Her clothes were laying around her, shredded into pieces. Among the fabric was the men, dead, there was blood everywhere. She looked around slowly, trying to make out her surroundings. She wasn’t in the place she remembered, nothing was the same. There was no longer a dead end, no, there was an opening to a street at one end and behind her was an abandoned building that, like most of the buildings in this part, was missing†¦show more content†¦She could heard the heavy thumping of her heart, it echoed through her mind. Damon, please, help me. She whispered. The tears began falling from her eyes, mixing with the blood splattered on her face. She tried to walk again, not getting very far. She looked up to the street, she wanted to get out of here, to leave. â€Å"Accalia, I want you to remember who you are, remember who I am.† A young white haired woman said as she got the child dressed. â€Å"How could I forget mommy? You will always be with me right?† There was a long pause from the older woman. â€Å"One way or another yes, I will always be with you baby.† She panted a small kiss on the childs head. â€Å"But remember that you are strong, your father will protect you from the bad people.† â€Å"Papa doesn’t like me very much.† The little girl looked down â€Å"He loves you, he just is mad at me for the horrible way I brought you to this place.† She smiled slightly. â€Å"What do you mean mommy.† The small Accalia asked frowning. â€Å"I did something bad with another person.† This time the woman looked down. â€Å"What did you do?† Accalia tilted her head â€Å"Someone will tell you one day.† The woman zipped up the small jacket and patted the girls head. There was a knock on the front door. â€Å"There’s someone here mommy.† Accalia said looking towards the closed bedroom door. â€Å"Oh baby,† Her mother began to cry. â€Å"You have such

Gender Equality in Business Management

Question: Discuss about the Gender Equality in Business Management. Answer: Introduction: The structure of many societies has changed radically over the last few decades. The changes have generally increased advancements in the fields of science, technology, and education. These changes have led to the development of opportunities within the business for both men and women. The revelation of this extensive opportunities, the study indicate that one gender benefits more than the other. The disclosure may be true that women are disadvantaged though they have also made gains. The effort for achieving full equality within the business have debatable. (Beilby, 2013) In many societies, many prejudices and stereotypes proliferate and act as barriers to a womans progression within the firm. There exist undeniable that men and females differ in their biological and physical makeup. With time the differences can justify the unequal treatment of women not only in the business but also in the particular society (M Blair-Loy., 2009). Women have been viewed as weaker gender and thus their place stick to remain to do home chores. However, these views continue to spread and define the different social duties for men and women in business today. First, the review outline briefly the barriers both genders experience with relation to the place of their businesses. Second, a brief summary of what equality between the sexes was viewed and represented in the past in comparison to todays phenomena. Third, the review briefly presents a more in-depth description of the weightiest matters facing working men and women today. Finally, the implications of how businesses can efficiently control the changes are outlined. Interpretation and Analysis of Literature Review One of the most common demographic variations in the recent past decades has been the increased entry of women in the business. Subsequently, many types of research have shown underrepresentation and discrimination of women in many business premises. More so the most profound study demonstrated that evaluation bias and gender earnings gap to take the lead. The research revealed that the main reason for inequality is that women put more focus on female- dominated careers (Dworkin, 2011). The fundamental challenge for this condition is the continuance of male employers subjecting to past stereotypes over women incompetence. Due to malign prejudice, women fear to hold great management positions even when they have equal level of education and job experience as their male counterparts. In additional to the gender gap in businesses, women are sidelined regarding salary and earnings than men, especially for the same job positions. The study revealed that having family commitments viewed in an overlooking manner for women without any significant attached to people. The study also exposes women place more crucial on their work surrounding and interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, men always prefer long-term independent career and comprehensively motivated decision making. (J Hill, 2012) For the businesses to introduce about action from within the workplace to modify norms of the place of work, conventions and practices should be very effective. The workers must understand that biological makeup between the two sexes has nothing to do womens performance. In contrast, employers should highly support the equivalent of the family with a lucrative profession through developing new work policies that incorporate both genders. Other studies suggest the intervention of government to facilitate the employment opportunities, advancement, and reward for women. Even though, when interfering with natural wage mechanism of both demand and supply would trigger the whole economic structure. Thus government intervention and protective policies have brought progression. (MSemyonov, 2011) Challenges faced by both men and women In a recent study, the number of women has outnumbered the men in many businesses. The augmented number of women partaking in labor force with almost 60% of the workforce. (Sutton, 2014) Increasing number of women and children. We have more women working, their wages and salaries have taken on the same necessity to fit their households who depend on the income. More than 45% of women employed caring for their children who have not attained the age of majority. In contrast, in past women worked before they marriage and hence remain at home immediately after the wedding. In modern days, unlike men, women wait longer to marry and have children. Also, the amplified number of divorce rate and some the single parent in many homes depicts that change has taken place hence integration in business and family should be done effectively. (H Holzer, 2012) Gender equality in past and present From one generation to another business historical and social events have been dynamics. Study have shown that a persons group can translate how they feel towards authority. Also, the kind of the term work values has transformed over the past decades. Therefore, both men and women make choices and decisions in the business based on their value system and following differing values that lead to conflict. Men and women too use different factors to determine work satisfaction. Women put more importance on the place of work and interpersonal relationships than men. Men, on the other hand, prefer long-term career objectives and impact in decision making. (Gjerde, 2014) Business reforms and life dynamism The conflict between corresponding to a family and work requirements has become a growing concern over past years. Women most of the time regards to family caretakers for looking after children. The profound view over womans ease of access to business work without upsetting the household tasks (J Baxter., 2012). The business, therefore, should establish child care facilities in the workplaces to give away a flexible working environment and adequate hours. Conclusion With the above discussion, the bridging values of business and gender equality have remained in resistance to such ultimate changes that seems to run deep. The importance to recognize that level of sex and place into action business plans so that both parties become enabled. Throughout the discussion, the women have portrayed as weak and fairly compensated. Full-time workers who have enough time for the families and business equally have adequate opportunities for other work. A prolific gender setting is one that contains and incorporates both females and males of varied contextual motivate workers to attain fulfillment in both their professional and personal lives. The biggest problem lies in employers, legislators, and the public moving towards an extended level of thinking. References Beilby, W., 2013. Minizing Workplace Gender and racial Bias. Gender and Equality, 29(4), pp. 120-134. Dworkin., L. S., 2011. Holding Back. Sociological Perspective, 44(2), pp. 333-377. Gjerde, P., 2014. The Existence of gender-Specific Promotion Standards. Journal of Managerial and Decision Econmics, 23(5), pp. 44-56. H Holzer., J. L. L. V., 2012. The Role of Employer Characteristics and Changes. Industrial and Labor Relations review, 54(3), pp. 552-563. J Baxter., E. W., 2012. The Glass Ceiling. Gender and Society, 14(6), pp. 814-823. J Hill., H. A. . M. F., 2012. The Positive Influence of Perrceived Job Flexibilty on work nad family. family relations, 50(1), pp. 46-53. M Blair-Loy., A. W., 2009. Business Committment and Constrains on work. Business and FAmily Policies in Global firm, 45(5), pp. 234-300. MSemyonov, H. M. ., 2011. Business policies, wage structure and Gender gaps. American Sociological review, 70(6), pp. 934-965. Sutton, K. S. . S., 2014. gender Difference or Gender Similarity. Sociological perspective, 32(1), pp. 1-23.

Personality and Motivation Essay Example

Personality and Motivation Essay In this assignment, I will be talking about the many different theories that attempt to explain where your personality comes from and how it can change you as a person. It will also link this with where motivation comes from. Personality is defined as a persons attributes made up of physical, mental, emotional and social characteristics. Motivation is described as an incentive to complete a task. There are some theories of personality that suggest that you develop your personality from birth, which stay with you through childhood and into adulthood, whereas others say that you develop your personality throughout your life through experiences you encounter. This is known as the nature vs nurture debate. The nature side of this debate argues that you are born with your own unique personality which doesnt change through your life, similar to your genes. One example of this is the trait theory. The trait theory suggests that your personality is made up of a combination of various traits that combine to make your own personality thats different to everybody elses. This theory also says that you will always have these characteristics in whatever situation youre in. For example, if you have a very loud and confident personality, this theory suggests that this will show in whatever situation youre in. However, I think that this is the downfall of this theory because I believe that there will be some situations where this wouldnt be true. One example of this is that if you were in an unfamiliar place with people you had never met before, you would come over much more shy. However, if you were playing football with close friends, you will be much louder. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality and Motivation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personality and Motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personality and Motivation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the other hand, there are theories that say you learn your personality from others in social situations. The main example of this is the social learning theory. One aspect of the theory is modelling. Modelling is described as looking up to someone and wanting to be like them. For example, you could watch your favourite footballer playing on and see them showing anger at other players and then copy them when playing yourself. One criticism of the theory is that it doesnt include both sides of the nature vs nurture debate into consideration and doesnt explain how the genes you inherit from your parents can affect your characteristics through life. One theory that does include both sides of the argument is the interactional approach theory, otherwise known as the trait-state approach. This is one of the few theories that takes both sides of the nature vs nurture debate into consideration. This theory is much more advanced than the trait theory and the social learning theory because it doesnt just concentrate on one particular reason, but instead takes more possibilities into consideration. The trait side of the theory covers the characteristics you are born with and take with you throughout your life. However, these characteristics can change depending on the situation you are in. This is the state side of the theory. It says neither traits nor situations can predict behaviour alone. For example, if someone is playing for a team, they will follow orders and do what they are told by the captain. But when they are made captain themselves their natural trait of being very commanding may show through much more. However there is one area that it doesnt cover and that is the aspect of free will, unlike the Matt Jarvis theory. Free will takes into consideration that people make impulse decisions when forced to make a quick choice. There are also three other parts to the Matt Jarvis theory. The four main points are past experiences, genetics, situation and free will. This theory covers all areas and doesnt just say that you get your personality from one place, but in fact a combination of factors. Past experiences effect how you act. For example if you have broken your leg playing football before, you are more likely to pull out of a tackle. The situation part of the theory takes how people behave in different places into consideration. Free will covers for the impulse decisions made on the spot and genetics explains how genes can affect personality, similar to Sheldons constitutional theory. However this is the most thorough theory and the one that I believe is the most accurate. There are so many influences on your personality that it is impossible to come up with a theory to cover every possibility. But this theory does cover most with the four parts. Looking at all theories I believe that it is impossible to predict where you get your personality from because there are so many life changing experiences that you live through and situations to affect how you act. Sport is definitely a good example of how personalities can change so easily. You could be playing football and act completely different depending on a number of factors, including where youre playing, who youre playing with, your role in the team and many more.  Personality is closely linked with motivation. There are many reasons why people play sport. These reasons can be split into two specific areas which are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.

Ask Questions in English Class to Help You Learn

Ask Questions in English Class to Help You Learn Here is a list of some of the most common phrases used for asking questions in the classroom. Learn the phrases and use them often! Asking to Ask a Question Can I ask a question?May I ask a question? Asking for Something  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Can I have a pen, please?Do you have a pen for me?May I have a pen, please? Asking about Words  Ã‚     Whats (the word) in English?What does (the word) mean?How do you spell (the word)?How do you use (the word) in a sentence?Can you use (the word or phrase) in a sentence? Asking about Pronunciation How do you say (the word in your language) in English?Can you pronounce (the word)?How do you pronounce (the word)?Wheres the stress in (the word)? Asking about Idioms Is there an idiom for (your explanation)?Is (an idiom) an idioms? Asking to Repeat Could / Can you repeat that, please?Could / can you say that again, please?Pardon me? Apologizing  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚      Excuse me, please.Im sorry.Sorry about that.Sorry Im late for class. Saying Hello and Goodbye Good morning / afternoon / evening!Hello / HiHow are you?GoodbyeHave a good weekend / day / evening / time! Asking for Opinions What do you think about (topic)?Whats your opinion about (topic)? Practice Classroom Dialogues Arriving Late for Class Teacher: Good morning class.Students: Good morning. Teacher: How are you today?Students: Fine. How about you? Teacher: Im fine, thanks. Where is Hans?Student 1: Hes late. I think he missed the bus. Teacher: OK. Thank you for letting me know. Lets get started.Hans (arriving late): Sorry Im late. Teacher: Thats OK. Im glad youre here!Hans: Thank you. May I ask a question? Teacher: Certainly!  Hans: How do you spell complicated? Teacher: Complicated is complicated! C - O - M - P - L - I - C - A - T - E - DHans: Could you repeat that, please? Teacher: Of course. C - O - M - P - L - I - C - A - T - E - DHans: Thank you.   Understanding Words in Class Teacher: ... please complete page 35 as follow-up to this lesson.Student: Could you say that again, please? Teacher: Sure. Please do page 35 to make sure you understand.Student: Excuse me, please. What does follow-up mean? Teacher: Follow-up is something you do to repeat or continue something youre working on.Student: Is follow-up an idiom? Teacher: No, its an expression. An idiom is a full sentence expressing an idea.Student: Can you give me an example of an idiom? Teacher: Certainly. Its raining cats and dogs is an idiom.Student: Oh, I understand now.   Teacher: Great! Are there any other questions?Student 2: Yes. Could you use follow-up in a sentence? Teacher: Good question. Let me think ... Id like to do some follow-up to our discussion last week. Does that make sense?Student 2: Yes, I think I understand. Thank you. Teacher: My pleasure. Asking about a Topic Teacher: Lets talk about the weekend. What did you do this weekend?Student: I went to a concert. Teacher: Oh, interesting! What kind of music did they play?Student: Im not sure. It was in a bar. It wasnt pop, but it was nice. Teacher: Maybe it was hip-hop?Student: No, I dont think so. There was a piano, drums and a saxophone. Teacher: Oh, was it jazz?Student: Yes, thats it!   Teacher: Whats your opinion of jazz?Student: I like it, but its kind of crazy. Teacher: Why do you think that?Student: It didnt have a song. Teacher: Im not sure what you mean by song. Do you mean that no one was singing?Student: No, but it was crazy, you know, up and down. Teacher: Maybe it didnt have a melody?Student: Yes, I think thats it. Whats melody mean? Teacher: Thats hard. Its the main tune. You can think of the melody as the song you would sing along with the radio.Student: I understand. Wheres the stress in melody? Teacher: Its on the first syllable. ME - lo - dy.Student: Thank you.

Essay on Warrantless Arrests and Searches

Essay on Warrantless Arrests and Searches Essay on Warrantless Arrests and Searches Essay on Warrantless Arrests and SearchesThe Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides legal protection against unreasonable search and seizure conducted by federal government agents and law enforcement officers who are planning to use that evidence in a criminal process. The issue regarding warrantless arrests and searches has been widely discussed in academic literature (Kleiman, 2011). According to researchers, â€Å"warrantless arrests are more common than those with a warrant†(Emanuel, 2009, p. 135). However, warrantless searches depend on the availability of one of the exceptions to the warrant requirement to be lawful. Under the U.S. Constitution, the Fourth Amendment does not prohibit warrantless arrests for minor crimes that require punishment in the form of a fine (Atwater v. City of Lago Vista, 532 U.S. 318 (2001)).   The Supreme Court decisions regarding the legality of unreasonable arrests and searches are based on the Fourth Amendment (Kleiman, 2011). The probable cause is necessary in order to obtain a warrant from the judge. In other words, a law enforcement officer who is planning to arrest an individual without a warrant must be based on the availability of the probable cause to believe that an individual has been involved in criminal activity. The probable cause forms the basis of legality for arrests, searches and seizures without a warrant.The major goal of this paper is to discuss the Fourth Amendment Warrant Requirement and Justifications for Warrantless Arrests and Searches.The Fourth Amendment Warrant Requirement  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Fourth Amendment is an important constitutional amendment which sets certain standards for search warrant and protections against unreasonable search and seizure. The Fourth Amendment Warrant Requirement that governs the search of a crime scene is that â€Å"authorities must comply with the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution† (Buckles, 2006, p. 132) . Actually, the Fourth Amendment Warrant can be applied to search or seizure under some particular circumstances. Based on the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Supreme Court expresses a preference for searches and seizures made pursuant to a legally executed warrant. In fact, the term â€Å"search warrant† can be defined as a legal written order signed by the court officials to authorize a law-enforcement officer or government agent to conduct a search or seizure (Buckles, 2006).   In other words, a search warrant authorizes to conduct a search for a person (or persons) suspected of a crime. According to the law, searches and seizures that are performed without a lawful warrant are considered to be unacceptable. At the same time, any evidence that has been seized without a lawful warrant should be suppressed. The court should rule that the search is reasonable under the particular circumstances (Buckles, 2006; Kleiman, 2011).Moreover, the application for a lawful search warrant to a particular case should be supported by a sworn statement made by a law enforcement officer in the court. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that there should be a probable cause for the search or seizure when the circumstances of the case form the basis for an individual to believe that he/she has committed a crime (Kleiman, 2011). The term â€Å"probable cause† means some probable reason for having a belief in the fact that an individual has committed a crime. The probable cause of the search or seizure should be established by out-of-court statements, which are made by police informants, although the magistrate cannot properly test these statements.However, the probable cause of the search or seizure cannot be regarded as a lie in case the only evidence of criminal activity is the affirmation of suspicion made by law enforcement officer. The case Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108 (1964) is an example of this statement. In this case, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that â€Å" although an affidavit supporting a search warrant may be based on hearsay information and need not reflect the direct personal observations of the affiant, the magistrate must be informed of some of the underlying circumstances relied on by the person providing the information and some of the underlying circumstances from which the affiant concluded that the informant, whose identity was not disclosed was credible and his information reliable† (Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108 (1964)). On the other hand, the reason to make an arrest or conduct a search is not the same crime identified by the facts, as it was described in the case Devenpeck v. Alford, 543 U.S. 146 (2004). In this case, the Fourth Amendment does not demand to establish the probable cause for the arrest based on the same conduct as the crime identified by the law enforcement officer during the initial encounter.Justifications for Warrantless Arrests and Searches  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the U.S. Supreme Court has a preference for searches and seizures conducted under a warrant, there is much evidence that not all searches and seizures can be included in this category. According to the U.S. Supreme Court’s decisions, the fundamental constitutional rule applied to this issue is that if searches and seizures are conducted without a warrant or the approval of the judge, under the Fourth Amendment, these legal actions are considered to be unreasonable. Nevertheless, many arrests and searches are justified and can be conducted without a warrant. Today it is necessary to classify many exceptions to the search and seizure warrant requirements (Lippman, 2010).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case United States v. Watson, the U.S. Supreme Courted ruled that some circumstances can affects the court decision regarding the legality of the warrantless arrests and searches. According to researchers, â€Å"warrants may slow the enforcement of the lawâ₠¬ (Lippman, 2010, p. 150). The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the warrantless arrest was legal. Under some circumstances, warrants arrests based on probable cause are â€Å"consistent with the historic practice of the common law as well as with state statutes and state constitutions and therefore under the Fourth Amendment† (Lippman, 2010, p. 150). In other words, the warrantless arrest of individuals is permissible when the law enforcement officers obtained a warrant.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, in order to be lawful under the Fourth Amendment, a search, seizure or arrest conducted by law enforcement officers should be based on some probable cause. Justifications for warrantless arrests and searches depend on the availability of the probable cause. According to Peter J. Gordon (1978), â€Å"a warrant is never required to make either an arrest or a search when exigent circumstances exist†(p.1550). There are three important cases that illustr ate various aspects of the ability of law enforcement officers and government agents to conduct arrests without a warrant. These cases include United States v. Watson (1976), United States v. Santana (1976) and Payton v. New York (1980). In the case United States v. Watson (1976), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled to give postal inspectors the right to perform warrantless searches and arrests based on probable cause, even if they have to arrest someone in public. In the case United States v. Santana (1976), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a warrantless arrest inside a house was constitutional. The law enforcement officers had enough evidence used to produce the probable cause to believe that the crime was committed by Santana. In the case Payton v. New York (1980), the Court found that the police entry was unconstitutional and â€Å"beyond the scope of the police’s right to make warrantless arrests† (Emanuel, 2009, p. 77). The police entered the house when there was no on e inside it. They broke the door in order to find evidence for Payton’s conviction. In addition, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that police officers have the right to stop suspicious individuals in the street in order to search them for weapons (Buckles, 2006; Emanuel, 2009). The case of Terry v. Ohio (1968) is a good example of this practice. In this case, special attention was paid to the availability of the probable cause to stop individuals in the street.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, there is justification for warrantless searches at the time of an individual’s arrest. There are three fundamental reasons for warrantless searches during the arrest: the chance to identify if the person is concealing weapons, the need to prevent the escape of the person during the arrest procedure and the need to prevent the destruction of important evidence (Lippman, 2010).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to c onclude that search warrants help to protect the privacy of citizens by demanding authorities to prove the need for the search or seizure of an individual’s property under particular circumstances. The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is a good example of legislation that can be used to prevent unreasonable search or seizure. Nevertheless, there is justification for warrantless arrests and searches which is defined by the U.S. Supreme Court. The major goal of the police officers who are allowed to conduct warrantless searches and seizures is to preserve evidence. Besides, warrantless searches are justified during arrests.

Performing Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Performing Arts - Essay Example As opposed to visual art, Music and dance arts are based on making experience, rather than making an object. Because of the ability to create experience, both dance and music are concerned with invoking human engagement to the art being performed. Dance and music enhances performers to be able to engage with the inner lives of their audience, and be able to define the space that exists between the performance and audience (Rudner, 2011). This means that music and performance are effective in combining thoughts, intellectual ideas, and feelings. Therefore, by invoking feelings and emotion, dance and music arts are able to reflect on the actual experience of the original piece of performance. For instance, through a performance that I recently watched, I was able to have a grasp of the Carnaval Music, from Brazil. The Carnaval Music is a Brazilian festival song that I have never listened to or watched. Nevertheless, through the live dance and music performance, I was able to develop and have a clue of the kind of feelings and emotions this song invokes on the Brazilians during their annual festival. Contrastingly, I feel I would not have got this experience if I were to depend on the provisions of visual art. Based on the live performance, I realized that as the way the Carnaval Music dancing is done, the nice and unique sounds and, the voices in the song are so interesting. Conclusively, visual art is lacking in invoking that real or first experience of an art as it is perceived in its